Sentence Connectors

Question Pattern for Examination

      Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage:-

       Many people think that money can do everything in life. (a) ––– it is a must for our life, it is not the thing that necessarily brings happiness. (b) ––– it is absolutely a psychological matter. The person who is contented with what he gets arid (c) ––– he has is really happy. Money can do something with happiness (d) ––– it cannot give us happiness. (e) –––, we can see that the richest men of our society are not the happiest men. (f) –––, they lead a life burdened with cares and anxieties (g) ––– pass sleepless nights. (h) –––, there are a large number of poor men (i) ––– are happy and enjoy a sound sleep. (j) –––, money cannot ensure happiness.

Sentence Connectors 

Connectors are used to link large groups of words: phrases and sentences. We also use them to connect paragraphs to give them coherence. Sentence connectors are usually placed at the beginning/middle of a sentence.

Usages of Connectors

Indicating Addition / Inclusion:

·         And

Reza and Sejan are friends.

·         Both.....and

We visited both Sylhet and Cox’s Bazar.

·         Not only.........but also

He is not only a good student but also a good player.

·         As well as

They as well as Masum have done the work.

·         Besides / Moreover / Furthermore / Again / In addition

Example: I gave the poor boy some books and pens. Besides / Moreover / Furthermore / Again / in addition, I gave him some money.

 

Indicating Contrast:

·         While / whereas

He has passed the examination, while / whereas his sister has failed.

·         Though / although / even though

Though / although the man is poor, he is honest.

·         Despite / in spite of

Despite / ln spite of his poverty, he is honest.

·         Anyway

You are late. Anyway ,you can join the class.

·         Still / yet

 His father forbids him to mix with those bad boys. Still / Yet he mixes with them.

·         Instead

He does not help me. Instead, he often disturbs me.

·         But

 I love him, but he dislikes me.

·         On the other hand / on the contrary

I often help him. On the other hand / on the contrary, he disturbs me.

·         However

He is a very nice man. However, he sometimes gets irritated.

·         Nevertheless

Nevertheless her parents are poor, the girl has done very well in her exam.

 

Indicating Purpose:

·         so that/in order that/that 

Example:

He is working hard in order that / so that / that he can do well in his examination.

We eat in order that / so that / that) we can live.

Lest

The road is muddy and slippery. So we are walking carefully lest we should fall down.

 

Indicating Time and Place:

·         When

When I went there, he was absent.

·         While

While I was walking in the garden, I saw a very nice bird.

·         Before

The patient had died before he was taken to the hospital.

·         After

The patient was taken to the hospital after he had died.

·         since

It is five years since I met Soma.

·         As soon as

 The snake fled away as soon as we saw it.

·         Sometimes

My father often takes tea. Sometimes, he takes coffee.

·         At present/presently/recently

At present, we are facing some problems.

·         Now/now a days

At first, take some tea dust. Now put it into the boiling water.

 

Indicating Condition:

·         Unless

Unless you study regularly, you cannot do well in your examination.

·         Otherwise/or

Work hard, otherwise you may fail in your life.

·         If

 If I were a bird, I would fly to my friend.

·         Provided / provided that / providing that

I shall help you provided you will come here in time.

·         In case

In case you fail, I shall help you.

 

Indicating Reason:

·         Because/As/Since

Example:

He could not attend the class because / as / since he was ill.

As/Since he was ill, he could not attend the class.

 

Indicating Results/ Effects:

·         So / Therefore / As a result / Consequently / As a consequence / Eventually /That is why / For this reason / Thus

Example: You did not study regularly, so / therefore you cannot expect to do well in your exams.

 

Indicating Example:

·         For example / For instance / Namely

Example:

We grow various kinds of crops, for example / for instance / namely rice, jute, pulses, sugarcane, etc.

 

Indicating Emphasis:

·         Actually / Indeed / no doubt / In fact

Example:

Corruption has pervaded all the sectors of our country. It has become the greatest problem for us. Indeed / No doubt, it is the number one problem in our country.

 

Indicating Summary:

·         After all / On the whole / Above all / In total / In short

Example:

Mr Raihan behaves well with us. He leads an honest life and speaks the truth. After all / above all / in total / In short / On the whole, he is a very good man.

 

Some other Sentence Connectors:

·         Whatever

 Whatever he says, I do not believe.

·         Which / That

The pen which / that I bought yesterday writes very well.

·         Whom

The boy whom you saw is very poor.

·         Whose

This is the boy whose father died five years ago.

·         Who

These are the boys who helped us very much.

                                      Exercise on sentence connectors

Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage:-

1.      Many people think that money can do everything in life. (a) ––– it is a must for our life, it is not the thing that necessarily brings happiness. (b) ––– it is absolutely a psychological matter. The person who is contented with what he gets arid (c) ––– he has is really happy. Money can do something with happiness (d) ––– it cannot give us happiness. (e) –––, we can see that the richest men of our society are not the happiest men. (f) –––, they lead a life burdened with cares and anxieties (g) ––– pass sleepless nights. (h) –––, there are a large number of poor men (i) ––– are happy and enjoy a sound sleep. (j) –––, money cannot ensure happiness.

Ans: (a) Although/ Though (b) Actually/ In fact (c) what (d) but (e) That is why/ For this reason/ So/ Therefore (f) Virtually/ Instead (g) and (h) On the other hand/ On the contrary/ Where as (i) who (j) This way/ Thus/ Hence

2.      Time and tide wait for none. (a) ––– no one can stop the onward march of time. (b) –––, we should not waste a single moment in vain. (c) ––– we should make proper use of every single moment of time. (d) ––– the students should understand the value of time. It is a matter of great regret that some of the students pass their valuable time in Facebook. (e) ––– they kill their time. (f) ––– they cannot prepare their lessons well. (g) ––– they always have a poor preparation for their examination. (h) ––– they cannot do well in the examination. (i) ––– they do not stop wasting time. (j) ––– they continue to waste their time using Facebook till it is too late for them.

Ans: (a) In fact (b) Therefore/ That's why (c) More over/ Besides/ Rather (d) However/ Furthermore (e) Thus (f) As a result/ For this (g) And (h) So/ As a result/ Consequently/ As a consequence (i) But/ Yet/ Even though (j) Nevertheless

3.      Mobile phone has added a new dimension in our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a) ––– it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day to day communication.  (b) –––, it has been a part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) –––, mobile phone is not free from defect. It has some negative sides as well. (d) –––, excessive use of mobile phone may damage our hearing power. (e) –––, it is a means of money wastage. (f) –––, it is seen that many underworld crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) –––, the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users, (h) –––, we are not aware of these harmful effects. (i), we are not aware of using the mobile phone.(j) –––, we must have to be consciousof the negative impacts of mobile phone.

Ans: (a) In fact/ At present/ Nowadays (b) So/ Thus (c) However (d) For example/ For instance/ Firstly (e) Besides/ Secondly (f) Moreover/ Thirdly (g) Lastly/ Finally (h) But/ However (i) Even/ Yet/ Still (j) Therefore/ So/ Hence

4.      Man is a social being. (a) –––, man cannot live alone. (b) –––, man has been living together from time immemorial. Living in society is not an easy task. We have to follow certain rules and regulations of the society. (c) –––, we should be cooperative. (d) –––, we must help others when they are in need. (e) –––, e have to be careful not to hurt others by our words or activities. (f) –––, we must control our emotions and behave rationally with others. (g) –––, we should not think and live only for us. (h) –––, we should always think and work for the betterment of the society. (i) –––, we should remain prepared to sacrifice our lives for the greater interest of the society. (j) ––– sacrificing our lives for the society makes us immortal.

Ans: (a) So (b) This is why (c) At first/ First of all (d) So/ In other words (e) Secondly (f) Besides/ So (g) Moreover/ Thirdly (h) Rather/ Instead (1) Finally (j) Thus/ In fact

5.      Unemployment is a great problem in our country. (a) –––, it is the burning question of the day. (b)  –––, almost all countries of the world suffer from the curse of unemployment problem. (c) –––, Bangladesh is the worst sufferer of this so-called problem. (d) ––– nowhere in the world this problem is so acute as in our country. (e) –––, there are many reasons behind it. (f) –––, our country is industrially backward. (g) –––, our system of education fails to give a student an independent start of life.     (h) –––, it has little provision for vocational training. (i) –––, our students and youths have false sense of dignity. (j) –––, they run after jobs blindly.

Ans: (a) In fact/ Actually (b) Nowadays/ At present (c) However (d) But/ in other words (e) Hence/ Nevertheless (f) First of all (g) Secondly/ Besides (h) Thirdly/ Moreover (i) Besides/ Lastly (j) So/ For this reason

6.      Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) –––, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b)we are not careful about them. (c) –––, we destroy trees at random. (d) –––, one day-the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect. (e) ––– ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on it. (f) –––, our agriculture is dependent on rain. (g) –––, trees play a vital role on our climate. (h) –––, trees keep the soil strong. (i) –––, trees save us from flood (j) ––– many other natural calamities.

Ans: (a) Moreover/ In fact/ Actually (b) But (c) Rather (d) As a result/ Consequently (e) Since (f) In addition/ However/ Besides (g) So/ Therefore (h) For example (i) Again/ Moreover (j) and/ as well as

7.      Rangpur Town Hall is a place of cultural activities. (a) ––– in 1971 it became a torture cell used by the Pakistani army. (b) ––– the army brought here innocent Bangalees. After that they started to bring Bangalee women here. Among them Mansura Begum was one who .was the wife of a freedom fighter. (c) ––– she was young and beautiful, she drew the attention of local collaborators. (d) ––– they informed the Pakistani army. (e) ––– the Pakistani army abducted Mansura. On the day of occurrence Pakistani soldiers surrounded her house. (f) ––– they searched her husband who joined the Mukti Bahini. (g) ––– they found her father-in-law. They started to beat him mercilessly. The old man got unconscious. (h) ––– the barbarous soldiers did not stop beating him. Mansura rushed to her father-in-law, grabbed his bleeding body and begged the military not to kill him. (i)   ––– they did not listen to her. They picked up the old man on the milifaiy truck. (j) –––, they pulled and dragged Manusra on to the truck.

Ans: (a) But (b) At first (c) As/ Since (d) So (e) Then/ After that (f) Afterwards (g) Suddenly/ But (h) But/ Nevertheless/ Despite this (i) But (j) Then/ Lastly

8.      Honesty is a noble virtue. The man possessing this invaluable quality is the happiest man on earth, (a) –––. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness. (b) –––, nobody trusts a liar. A liar may prosper for the time being. (c) –––, he goes to the dogs. (d) ––– we should be honest. It is said that honesty is the best policy. (e) ––– dishonesty is the sign of downfall. God helps those who are honest. (f) –––, dishonest people arc cursed. (g) –––, children should be taught honesty from childhood. It is widely observed that children follow their parents. (h) –––, parents should be honest and upright in their business of life. (i) –––, children should be allowed to mix with those friends who are honest. (j) ––– they can mould their characters.

Ans: (a) indeed (b) Because (c) In the long run (d) So/ For this reason (e) On the other hand (f) On the contrary (g) Hence/ So (h) That’s why/ So/ Therefore (i) Moreover/ Besides (j) Thus

9.      Water is a vital element of the environment (a) ––– this element is polluted in many ways. (b) –––, farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their field. (c) ––– rain and flood wash away these chemicals, they get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds (d) ––– pollute it. (e) –––, mills and factories throw their poisonous chemicals and waste product into water. (f) –––, water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste and human waste into it. (g) ––– insanitary latrines and unsafe drains also contribute to water pollution. Water is called life. (h) ––– we cannot allow this pollution to continue. We have to raise an awareness about it. (i) –––, laws should be enforced strictly. (j) ––– we fail to check water pollution, we will suffer.

Ans: (a) but (b) Firstly/ At first (c) When/ As (d) and (e) Secondly (f) Furthermore/ Moreover/ Thirdly (g) Finally/ Again/ Ultimately (h) So (i) In this respect (j) If/ In case

10.  It was the night before my math exam in the 2nd semester. I could not do better in the math exam of 1 st semester. (a) –––, I was really serious about the exam. (b) –––, I was careful enough not to spend a single moment in vain. But the night did not pass smoothly at all. (c) –––, it was full of mishaps. (d) –––, the electricity went out. I waited for it for about an hour, however, there was no sign of its coming. (e) –––, I lighted a candle and began to study again. The flickering light of the candle was creating problems for me. Soon, I began to feel a bad headache. I really wanted to get rid of it. (f) –––, I left my reading room and stood in the balcony for some time. I began to feel better but could not stay there for long. (g) ––– I left the place. (h) –––, I went to my reading room again. (i) –––, to add to my gladness the electricity came. I could finish my study within two hours. (j) –––, I went to bed with a happy mind.

Ans: This is why/ So/ For this reason (b) Besides (c) Rather (d) For example/ For instance (e) Finding no alternative (f) So (g) At once (h) Then (i) Truly/ Astonishingly/ Wonderfully (j) At last

11.  A lion was drinking water from a brook. (a) ––– a lamb was also drinking water from the downstream of the same brook. The lion saw the lamb and decided to devour it. (b) ––– he was thinking about how to accomplish his evil design. (c) ––– he Hit upon a plan. (d) ––– the lion complained that the lamb was disturbing him by muddying water. But the lamb said that he was drinking water from downstream. (e) ––– the questions of muddying water on his part did not arise here. (f) ––– the lamb argued that it was the lion that was muddying the water for him as he was drinking water upstream. (g) ––– the lion retorted that the lamb spoke’ ill of him a year ago. (h) ––– the lamb said that he was not born a year ago. The lion grew into a rage. (i) ––– he said that perhaps his father spoke ill of him last year. (j) ––– the lion had the right to take revenge and kill the lamb.

Ans: (a) At that time (b) So (c) Immediately/ Instantly (d) Accordingly (e) So (f) Besides (g) Then (h) But/ On the contrary (i) Eventually (j) So/ Therefore

12.  (a) ––– I was walking along the road the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather purse lying on the pavement. I picked it up and opened it to see (b) ––– I could find the owner's name. There was nothing inside. It had (c) ––– some small change and a rather old photographa picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back.(d) ––– took the purse to the Police Station. (e) ––– I handed it to the sergeant in charge. Before I left, the sergeant made a note of my name and address in case the owner of the purse wanted to write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with an uncle and aunt of mine. They had also invited another person, a young woman. (f) ––– there would be four people at table. The young woman's face was familiar (g) ––– I could not remember where I had seen it. I was quite sure (h) ––– we had not met before. (i) ––– conversation, however, the young woman happened to mark that she had lost her purse that afternoon. I at once remembered where I had seen her face. She was the young woman in the photograph (j) ––– she was now much older.

Ans: (a) While (b) whether (c) nothing but (d) and (e) Then (f) So (g) but (h) that (i) During (j) but

13.  Mobile phone has become an essential gadget for everybody (a) ––– it has become very popular. (b) ––– it has created a number of problems. It has (c) ––– advantages (d) ––– disadvantages. (e) ––– it helps to connect people. (f) ––– it helps to exchange information. (g) ––– it can be used for various purposes. (h) ––– it has a few disadvantages (i) ––– can cause a lot of troubles. (j) ––– its advantages are more than its disadvantages.

Ans: (a) and (b) But (c) both (d) and (e) First of all (f) Secondly (g) Besides (h) But/ On the contrary (i) which (j) In fact/ Truly speaking

14.  Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country.(a) –––, her economy and prosperity depend on agriculture.(b) –––, our agriculture depends on the mercy of nature.(c) –––, if there is sufficient rain, people can plough their lands and sow seeds in time. (d) –––, they can reap a good harvest. (e) –––, if it does not rain in time, the farmers cannot grow crops easily and they do not have good harvest.(f)–––, without water our agriculture is lifeless. The rain is not always beneficial to our agriculture.(g) –––, sometimes it rains so much that it causes floods. (h) –––, our crops go under water and most often, they are totally destroyed. (i) –––, the farmers who constitute the most part of our professional people, lose everything.(j) ––– we can safely conclude that our economy depends on rain.

Ans: (a) In the true sense of the term/ In fact (b) But (c) For instance (d) Only then (e) On the contrary (f) That is to say (g) Because (h) For this reason (i) As a result (j) So/ Therefore

15.  The gifts of science are uncountable. (a) ––– we cast our eyes, we see the wonders of science. Satellite TV channels are the means through (b) ––– we can see and hear the events (c) ––– are happening all over the world. (d) –––, today we have specialized satellite channels on almost every interest. (e) –––, people now have more choices and more freedom about television programmes. Satellite channels help us a lot by reporting on climatic conditions of different parts of the world. (f) –––, we can be aware of storms, cyclones and tidal bores. (g) –––, satellite channels are helping us to a great extent to enrich our own culture and tradition, (h) ––– satellite channels are playing a favorable role, they are (i) ––– doing harm to our young and new generation. (j) ––– still we cannot deny the immense benefits we are getting from satellite channels.

Ans: (a) Wherever (b) which (c) that (d) In fact (e) So/ For this (f) Consequently/ As a result (g) Moreover (h) Though (i) / also (j) But

16.  Time is a special resource that you cannot store or save for future use. (a) ––– it is managed properly to gain success. The skills of managing time properly are called time management skills (b) ––– these skills are necessary for job hunting and career success (c) ––– it is essential to improve these skills. (d) ––– there are several useful strategies that can be used to improve your time management skills. (e) ––– have clear goal in mind. (f) ––– set up your priorities. (g) ––– block out time for your high priority activities first and protect that time from interruptions. (h) ––– set a deadline to do them and try your best to stick to it. (i) ––– your skills will help you avoid stress in completing any work successfully. (j) ––– reward yourself when the job is done.

Ans: (a) But (b) and (c) and so (d) However (e) First (f) After that (g) Then (h) Finally (i) No doubt (j) And/ Ultimately

17.  Honesty is a noble virtue. The man (a) ––– possesses this rare quality is the happiest man on earth. To be honest a man should have trustworthiness (b) ––– nobody trusts a liar. A liar may prosper for the time being. (c) ––– ultimately he goes to the dogs. (d)we should be honest. It is said that honesty is the best policy. (e) ––– dishonesty is the sign of downfall. God helps those who are honest. (f) ––– dishonest people are cursed. Childhood is the best time (g) ––– children should be taught honesty. It is seen that children follow their parents (h) ––– parents should be honest. (i) ––– children should be allowed to mix with those friends who are honest. (j) ––– they can mould their characters.

Ans: (a) who (b) because (c) But (d) So/ That's why (e) whereas (f) On the other hand (g) and so (h) for which (i) Again (j) Thus

18.  We should always keep in mind (a) ––– all kinds of physical exercise are not suitable for all (b) ––– different people have different capacities. (c) –––, harder exercise (d) ––– wrestling and gymnastics are suitable for young people (e) ––– have energy to perform them. Weaker and old people should take the milder exercise (f) ––– walking, jogging and free hand exercise. Over exercise never does good (g) ––– breaks down the health. (h) ––– we should always take (i) ––– exercises as would suit us. Physical exercise is important for the preservation of good health. It (j) ––– builds our character.

Ans: (a) that (b) because/ as (c) For example (d) such as (e) who (f) such as (g) rather/ but (h) So (i) such (j) also

19.  Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. Most parents want to have children (a) ––– they can, when they are older, supplement their family income and help with the domestic work. In the existing socio-economic set-up, male children are best suited to this purpose. (b) ––– girls are born to an unwelcome world. (c) –––, they are assigned, (d) ––– confined to domestic chores. Some of these girls may be at school. But all their work-domestic or academic stops (e) ––– they are married off, which is the prime concern of the parents about their daughters. (f) –––, they are ill-treated by the in laws. (g) ––– they fail to fulfill their demands. They have to do (h) ––– the members of the in law family want and (i) ––– they want. (j) –––, the girls can contribute a little to the socio-economic development of me nation.

Ans: (a) so that (b) So (c) However (d) rather (e) as soon as (f) But (g) Consequently (h) what (i) how (j) As a result        

20.  Pahela Baishakh is one of the festivals of Bangladesh. (a) –––, it is a national festival in our country. On this day, people of all classes come out to celebrate the first day of the Bangla year. They get together at Ramna Park, TSC, Shahbag, Doyel Chattar in Dhaka. (b) –––, Chayanat organizes cultural programs at the Ramna Batamul. (c) –––, the students of Charukola Institute bring out colourful rallies. (d) –––, the roads remain jammed on this day. (e)_____, people come out to observe the day (f) ––– men wear Payjama and Panjabi. (g) –––, women wear white saree with red border. They enjoy the day singing, dancing, rallying and eating Panta Ilish. (h) –––, the businessmen especially in the old town open a new annual account called 'Halkhata' on this day. They distribute sweetmeats among the customers (i) –––. Pahela-Baishakh is a festival that unites us all. (j) –––, it can be said that this festival teaches us how to be united. So, it is our prime duty to learn the positive things avoiding the negative aspects of life.

Ans: (a) In fact (b) Besides/ On this occasion (c) Moreover (d) That is why/ For this (e) Despite this (f) usually (g) while/ and (h) On the other hand (i) as well (j) Hence/ So/ Therefore

21.  A student should prepare himself to face the problems (a) ––– lie before him. He is (b) ––– an individual (c) ––– a member of the community too. He should try to equip himself fully (d) ––– in future he can be able to discharge his duties as an individual (e) ––– as a member of the community to (f) ––– he belongs. (g) ––– he wastes his time in (h) ––– activities (i) ––– agitational politics, his future will be doomed. The students should not forget that their main duty is to study. (j) ––– it is their first and foremost duty also.

Ans: (a) that/ which (b) both/ not only (c) and/ but also (d) so that (e) and (f) which (g) If (h) such (i) like (j) No doubt/ In fact

22.  The greatness of a book depends (a) ––– on the acceptability among the readers, (b) ––– we read a book (c) ––– once, we can discover many things in it. (d) ––– basing on one reading, we cannot judge the standard of a book. (e) ––– a book is praised (f) –––, we have no doubt about the greatness of the book, (g) ––– the first reading we may not understand a book. But if it is read more than once, we will see (h) ––– it was read (i) ––– praised. So, the great books are those (j) ––– have passed the test of time.

Ans: largely/ basically (b) Whenever (c) for (d) But (e) If (f) finally (g) while (h) why (i) and (j) which

23.  We want success (a) ––– prosperity in life. (b) ––– we do not do what are needed for achieving these. (c) ––– we want to make bur life glorious, we must follow some rules. (d) –––, we have to be industrious, (e) ––– without hard work, success in life is impossible. (f) –––, we should be sincere in our activities. Some people think that good luck is at the root of all achievements in life. (g) ––– nothing is farther from truth than it. (h) ––– every success in life depends totally on our activities. (i) –––,we spend time in idleness we must suffer. (j) –––, we should be honest in life because this virtue helps us greatly to gain our goal.

Ans: (a) and (b) But (c) If (d) First of all/ Firstly (e) Because (f) Secondly (g) But (h) In fact/ Actually/ Truly (i) If (j) Last of all/ Thirdly

24.  Food adulteration is a social problem. There is hardly any food that is not adulterated. (a) –––, a business syndicate is involved in this heinous act. (b) –––, they are bringing national health to the edge of death. (c) –––, people taking adulterated food will become gradually sick. (d) –––, they will suffer from many complicated diseases. (e) –––, they will die. (f) –––, food adulteration has reached in an alarming state in our country. (g) –––, the authority concerned is playing a silent role. (h) –––, laws regarding this crime are not so strict. (i) –––, this crime is going to be out of control.   (j) –––, steps must be taken against this heinous crime to save our life.

Ans: (a) Unfortunately (b) And (c) First (d) Then (e) Ultimately (f) Actually (g) Nevertheless (h) Besides (i) As a result (j) So

25.  In Bangladesh women constitute half of its total population. (a) ––– they are considered subservient to man. They have been confined within the four walls of home. (b) –––, they are deprived of the light of education. (c) –––, they remain illiterate and uneducated. But (d) ––– educated, a man or woman can perform his/her duties perfectly and proficiently. If a mother is educated, she can bring up her child in a constructive way. (e) –––, an uneducated mother cannot render her service (f) ––– to the family (g) ––– to society and the country. An educated mother knows better (h) ––– educate her children (i) ––– to make them worthier. (j) ––– she can discharge her social responsibilities and contribute to the overall development of the country.

Ans: (a) But (b) In most cases (c) So (d) if (e) But (f) either (g) or (h) how to (i) and (J) In this way

26.  Mobile phone is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is useful (a) ––– in respect of communication (b) ––– in many other ways. We can enjoy videos, songs etc. on it. (c) –––, we can enjoy the programmes of Radio and IV through it. (d) –––, its price is not' so high. Common people can buy it easily. (e) ––– it has proved itself a very important thing in our daily life. (f) ––– it has dark aspects also. Young boys and girls enjoy pornography (g) ––– obscene things on it. (h) ––– they are getting morally depraved. (i) ––– we must be careful about this thing. (j) ––– it will lead our young generation to the pit of darkness.

Ans: (a) both/ not only (b) and/ but also (c) Besides (d) But (e) Thus (f) But (g) and/ as well as (h) As a result/ By this way (i) So/ Therefore/ Hence (j) Otherwise

27.  Man is a social being. He lives in a society. (a) –––, he wants some persons and friends with whom he can share his thoughts and ideas freely.(b) –––, everybody with whom we mix and converse is not a friend in the true sense of the term. (c) –––, some gather round us only in our prosperity for their self interest. We may face trouble or difficulty of any kind at any moment. (d) ––– they altogether leave us. (e) –––, they behave as if they did never meet us in our life. (f) –––, the test of real friend comes only in misfortune. (g) –––, the false friends should be avoided. A false friend wall never correct us if we make any mistake. (h), a true friend will correct us. (i) ––– he will rebuke us like an elder brother if necessary. (j) –––, he is even ready to sacrifice anything for friendship.

Ans: (a) So (b) However (c) But/ Again (d) Then (e) Surprisingly enough (f) Thus (g) therefore (h) On the contrary/ But Sometimes (j) Even/ Moreover

28.  Man’s life is short. (a) ––– in this short span of life (b) ––– someone utilizes his time properly, he can make his life meaningful. (c) –––, if a man is careless about time, he can never succeed in life. From the creation of the universe, time has started its journey never to stop. (d) ––– if someone wants to do some work, he has to utilize time. The great men of the world have used their time properly. (e) –––, it is their proper use of time by (f) ––– they have become ever memorable. Nothing can be more harmful (g) ––– the wastage of time. (h) ––– killing time is similar to committing suicide. (i) ––– a man wastes his time, he can do nothing valuable for his fellow being. (j) ––– put such contribution everyone must use his time properly.

Ans: (a) But (b) if (c) On the contrary (d) So (e) Undoubtedly (f) which (g) than (h) That is why (i) When (j) In order to

29.  In recent years there have been many alarming reports that the world's climate is undergoing a significant change. (a) –––, the world temperatures are increasing day by day. (b) –––, the heat coming from the sun is trapped by environment pollution. (c) ––– the air surrounding the earth is gradually warming. This is called the greenhouse effect. (d) –––, we are responsible for this situation by our unscrupulous activities. (e) –––, the main culprit for global warming is carbon dioxide gas. The effects of global warming are many. (f) –––, temperature may have risen by as much as 4°C by midway through the next century. (g) –––, it will reduce mankind's ability to grow food. (h) –––, it will destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness. (i) –––, it will raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland.(j) –––, the lower southern part of Bangladesh may one day go under water.

Ans: (a) Evidently (b) Because (c) Consequently (d) In the true sense of the term (e) However/ But (f) For example (g) As a consequence (h) Besides (i) In addition/ Moreover (j) As a result

30.  Scientists have recently reported (a) ––– the polar ice caps are melting. This is (b) ––– a rise in atmospheric temperatures known (c) ––– the "Greenhouse Effect". According to Melvin, (d) ––– won Nobel Prize for earlier research, the carbon dioxide is primarily responsible for temperature rise in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is given off (e) ––– coal and oil are burnt. This gas accumulated in the north (f) ––– south poles is melting (g) ––– may (h) ––– lead to rise in sea levels (i) ––– could flood many areas of the world. (j) ––– we take measures to stop the ice melting, it may take years to control the rise in sea levels.

Ans: (a) that (b) because of (c) as (d) who (e) when (f) and (g) which (h) quickly (i) and thereby (j) Even if

31.  (a) ––– students have to sit for exams frequently to prove their knowledge of different subjects. (b) ––– they do not feel comfortable with their exams. The students wishing to do well in the examination should give importance to several things (c) ––– they cannot reap a good harvest. (d) ––– they must listen to their teachers (e) ––– act on their advice and suggestion. (f) –––, they must be more attentive to their study. They should bear in mind (g) ––– they should be highly educated. (h) ––– they remain indifferent to their studies, their future will be insecure. (i) ––– they should never keep a bad company and waste a single moment. (j) ––– they should make the best use of their time.

Ans: (a) Generally/ Usually (b) But (c) or (d) So (e) and (f) Besides (g) that (h) if (i) At the same time (j) Moreover

32.  Drug addiction is a curse in modem age. (a) –––, it is the habit of using unpresecribed medicine for exciting feelings. (b) –––, drug addiction is found among the young generation. (c) –––, it has engulfed the whole nation. (d) –––, people of all ages have fallen victim to this dangerous disease. (e) –––, drugs create some kind of dream-like feelings. The drug takers forget everything for the time being. (f) –––, the influence of drugs also causes long sleep to the drug addicts. (g) –––, the after effects of drug are many. (h) –––, it is harmful not only to the addicts but also to the whole society. (i) ––– drug taking is a disease, there should be given treatment to cure the addicts. (j) ––– parents and responsible authorities should be more alert to cure drug addiction.

Ans; (a) Actually (b) At present (c) Infact (d) Consequently (e) For example (f) In addition (g) Not only this (h) To say the truth (i) As (j) To sum up

33.  Smoking is a serious bad habit. It is a social crime. Smoking is such a bad habit that it is harmful to a person both financially and physically. There is no benefit of buying cigarette with money. (a) ––– one is attacked with various complex diseases like long cancer, asthma, cardiovascular problems if one frequently smoking. (b) ––– a smoker harms non-smokers. Non-smokers can also be affected by the diseases. (c) ––– all of us should stay away from smokers. (d) ––– smokers should be avoided. (e) ––– a question may be raised here how this bad habit is developed. (f) ––– if one mixes with bad associates. (g) –––, one may develop this habit if once family members hays it. (h) ––– one may develop this habit if one wants to do whatever one likes. (i) ––– we should give up this bad habit. (j) ––– we will face unnatural death being attacked with different complex discuses.

Ans: (a) Besides/ Rather (b) Moreover (c) So (d) Even (e) Now (f) Firstly (g) Secondly/ Besides (h) Thirdly/ Moreover (i) So (j) Otherwise

34.  Most of our students cannot write their examination paper fairly well. (a) ––– they cannot understand the questions properly, they often beat about the bush. It is because they learn their lessons by rote and (b) ––– fail to answer the questions properly. (c) ––– they cram their answers with irrelevant and unnecessary details, (d) ––– their teachers suggest that their answers should be brief (e) ––– precise. They often lengthen these unnecessarily (f) ––– they may get good marks. (g) ––– they are mistaken. (h) ––– get expected marks, (i) ––– you should understand the questions well and (j) ––– answer them to the point.

Ans: (a) As (b) so/ that’s why (c) As a result (d) but (e) and/ as well as (f) so that (g) Undoubtedly/ Unfortunately (h) in order to (i) at first (j) then

35.  (a) ––– Bangladesh lies in an active earth quake zone, any time a major quake may occur. Climatologists say (b) ––– several fault lines are passing over the geographical area of Bangladesh. (c) ––– Bangladesh is in the risk of a major quake. (d) ––– we cannot stop an earth quake, we should take precautionary measures (e) ––– we can minimize losses. (f) ––– Bangladesh is in a great threat of an earth quake, many of our buildings are unsafe (g) ––– have not been built according to building code. Therefore, (h) ––– a major quake occurs, we have to face tremendous looses, (i) ––– experts have also emphasized (j) ––– an earth quake resistant building code is required to ensure safety.

Ans: (a) Since (b) that (c) That is why (d) Though (e) so that (f) As/ Since (g) which (h) if/ whether (i) For this reason (j) that

36.  Happiness is a relative term.(a) –––,it depends upon some factors.(b) ––– , contentment is the key to happiness. Contentment varies from person to person.(c) ––– ,a beggar may be contented with only ten taka.(d) ––– ,a wealthy person may be unsatisfied even after getting one million taka. (e) ––– ,it is said that contentment brings happiness.(f) ––– ,we must learn to be contended with what we have. (g) –––, this leaning is the simplest way to remain happy. (h) –––, we must remember that our life is short and, in this short life, we cannot get everything what we want. If we want everything, we will not get happiness. (i) –––, we will get frustrated and we will plunge into the world of sadness. (j) –––, it is always better to be contented with what we have than to live in eternal sadness.

Ans: (a) Actually (b) In fact (c) For example (d) On the contrary (e) For this (f) So (g) Truly speaking (h) For this/ So (i) Rather (j) Hence/ So

37.  Every year millions of people all over the world die (a) ––– for four specific factors. (b) ––– air pollution from factories, burning trash, and vehicle fumes (c) ––– causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. (d) ––– water pollution from industrial discharge (e) ––– the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases. (f) ––– is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones (g) ––– might cause aggression and (h) ––– damage hearing. (i) ––– odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort and attracts disease bearing creatures such as rats and flies. (j) ––– we should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment.

Ans: (a) unnecessarily (b) For example/ Firstly (c) which (d) Secondly (e) and (f) Third (g) which/ that (h) eventually (I) Fourthly (j) So

38.  Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. (a) –––, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world, (b) ––– the Europeans were separated from the non-Europeans in South Africa. (c) –––, it was government policy of racial segregation. (d) –––, the blacks were subjected to all sorts of indignities. (e) –––, they were denied all basic human rights. (f) –––, they were aliens in their own country. The cruel treatment of the blacks saddened Nelson Mendela. (g) –––, the great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. (h) –––, this great man was thrown behind the prison bars. But the oppressive rulers could not break his spirit. (i) –––, all this life he struggled against apartheid. (j) –––, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his people.

Ans: (a) In fact (b) Once/ Earlier (c) Actually (d) As a result (e) Even (f) Truly speaking (g) So (h) As a result (i) Rather (j) Consequently/ Finally

39.  Early rising is one of the best habits that a man can possess. The benefits of early rising are many, (a) ––– if we get up early, we get enough time to work. (b) ––– we can enjoy the fresh air of the morning which refreshes our body and mind. (c) –––, we can take some exercise or a walk. In the morning, nature smiles with colorful flowers and chirping of birds. (d) ––– early rising takes us to close contact with wonderful world of nature. (e) ––– if we do not get up early in the morning, we will suffer a lot. (f) –––, we will not have enough time to do our work. (g) –––, we will fail to finish our work in time, (h) –––, late rising from bed tells upon our health. (i) –––, we cap never enjoy the freshness of nature. (j) –––, we should make a habit of early rising and stay safe and sound, both physically and mentally.

Ans: (a) Firstly (b) Secondly (c) Besides (d) In this way (e) On the other hand (f) For example (g) As a consequence (h) Besides/ Suffice it to say (i) At the same time (j) Therefore

40.  Health is one of the most important phenomenons in human life. (a) –––, a healthy man can earn money and accumulate health. (b) –––, health is compared to wealth. (c) ––– it is health that can give us bliss and make us happy. (d) –––, health alone can enable us to enjoy our life to the full. (e) ––– it is not easy to take have a sound health. For this we have to maintain some certain rules and habit. (f) ––– we have to a balanced diet. (g) ––– we must take physical exercise regularly. (h) ––– we have to be early riser. (i) ––– we have to lead a decent life. (j) ––– we can attain good health and consequently wealth also.

Ans: (a) No doubt (b) So (c) Certainly (d) In fact (e) But (f) Firstly/ First of all (g) Secondly (h) Thirdly (i) Fourthly (j) Thus

41.  Population in our country is increasing very rapidly. It has become a great problem. (a) ––– it is the burning question of Bangladesh. (b) ––– it can be termed as number one problem. (c) ––– the population of a country is an asset, it has already become a great problem in our country. (d) ––– the country cannot afford to give people the basic necessaries of life. (e) ––– food, clothing, education, medicine and shelter, are the basic necessaries of life. (f) ––– our country cannot provide these equally to all. Proper steps should be taken to control over population. (g) –––, people should be encouraged to take education. (h) ––– people should be encouraged to take family planning programmes. (i) ––– superstitious beliefs should be removed. (j) ––– religious misinterpretation about family planning should be stopped at any cost.

Ans: (a) so (b) In fact (c) Though (d) Because (e) For example (f) But (g) First of all (h) Secondly (i) Then (j) Above all

42.  Human rights are some basic and universal rights (a) ––– a human being enjoys for a peaceful (b) ––– happy life. Basic human rights include the rights of food, clothes, shelter, education and treatment. Social (c) ––– universal rights are the rights to speak independently, to live peacefully, to apply for votes, to perform religious activities and (d) –––. These are the rights (e) ––– should be ensured by the society, state and even UNO. (f) ––– everyone in the society is a recognized individual and the law enforcing agency and the government are liable to confirm all these rights for an individual, (g) ––– the state or community ensures all these rights to the people, they lead a happy and peaceful life. (h) ––– it is a matter of grief (i) ––– all over the world basic (j) ––– social human rights are being violated in many ways.

Ans: (a) that (b) and (c) as well as (d) so on (e) that (f) However (g) If (h) But (i) that (j) along with

43.  Teaching is a noble profession. (a) ––– teachers are the nation builders. (b) ––– teachers play a central role in the process of classroom activities (c) ––– they deliver knowledgeable speeches. (d) ––– they organize the system of education. (e) ––– they also implement national curriculum. (f) ––– they motivate the learners effectively.  (g) ––– the physical facilities of the educational institution do not support the teachers in their noble endevours. (h) ––– they are not evaluated and lead a miserable life with low income (i) ––– they are to live under poverty. (j) ––– we cannot expect to give a standard education to the students of our country right now.

Ans: (a) So (b) In fact (c) when (d) Besides (e) At the same time (f) Moreover (g) But (h) As a result (i) and (j) Therefore