Pronoun Reference

Pronoun Reference

Question Pattern for Examination

Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentence so that all pronoun references are clear.

       There lived a man in a village which had a great attraction to English. He went to a teacher in order to learn English well though he was dull-headed. He tried his best to teach him but the man learnt only three English words-yes, no and very good. Though the man did not know the meaning of it, he used them frequently in his conversation. He did not understand that a little learning is a dangerous thing and very soon he would be a victim of it.

Use of Faulty Pronouns:

Pronoun in lieu of Noun

Incorrect	Correct
Travelling is a part of education. These means going from place to place.	Travelling is a part of education. It means going from place to place.
Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice.	Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They are having an active voice.

Subjective, objective & Possessive form of Pronoun

Basic information:

Subject	Object	Possessive	Reflexive
I	me	my	myself
We	us	our	ourselves
You	you	your	yourself
He	him	his	himself
She	her	her	herself
They	them	their	themselves
It	it	its	itself

Incorrect	Correct
Ripa and him travelled to Cox’s Bazar this weekend.	Ripa and he travelled to Cox’s Bazar this weekend.
It is up to they to decide who can leave.	It is up to them to decide who can leave.

Subject & object as same entity

Incorrect	Correct
Likha got her admitted in Jahangirnagar University.	Likha got herself admitted in Jahangirnagar University.
She hurt her quite badly in the fall.	She hurt herself quite badly in the fall.

Two Singular subject connected by ‘And’

Incorrect	Correct
Mr. Mahbub and Mr. Mahfuz visited his uncle’s house last week.	Mr. Mahbub and Mr. Mahfuz visited their uncle’s house last week.

Two Singular subject connected by ‘And’ but indicate same entity

Incorrect	Correct
The Headmaster and secretary left for their destination.	The Headmaster and secretary left for his destination.

Non-human Noun after Each or Every

Incorrect	Correct
Every dog is faithful to their master	Every dog is faithful to its master.

One as a Subject/Object

Incorrect	Correct
One must obey his parents.	One must obey one’s parents.

One as an entity indicating all

Incorrect	Correct
By travelling different parts of the world, my knowledge may be enriched.	By travelling different parts of the world, one’s knowledge may be enriched.

Adjective as a Subject/Object

Incorrect	Correct
The Poor are marginalized by socioeconomic system. He hardly can come forward.	The Poor are marginalized by socioeconomic system. They hardly can come forward.

Gerund/Infinitive as a Subject/Object

Incorrect	Correct
Walking is a good exercise. They help us keep body fit.	Walking is a good exercise. It helps us keep body fit.

Gender, Possessive & Relative Pronoun

Each of/any of/every of + Plural Noun + Singular Pronoun.

Many of + Plural Noun + plural Pronoun.

Incorrect	Correct
Each of the students explained it in their own way.	Each of the students explained it in his or her own way.
Many of the babies are out of its room.	Many of the babies are out of their room.

Possessive as headword

Incorrect	Correct
Kishan’s fingers were strumming the guitar when he looked at Ria.	Kishan’s fingers were strumming the guitar when Kishan/this young man looked at Ria.

Relative Pronoun indicating person

Incorrect	Correct
I know the man which came here yesterday.	I know the man who came here yesterday.

Relative Pronoun indicating person and object

Incorrect	Correct
The woman is a doctor whose I saw yesterday.	The woman is a doctor whom I saw yesterday.

Relative Pronoun indicating person and functions as Possessive

Incorrect	Correct
I know a rickshaw puller whom daughter is a doctor.	I know a rickshaw puller whose daughter is a doctor.

Relative Pronoun indicating impersonal object

Incorrect	Correct
Teaching is a profession who is full of challenge.	Teaching is a profession which/that is full of challenge.

Use of Unclear Pronouns

More than one antecedent

Unclear	Clear
Riya discussed the new strategy with Ritu. She decided to proceed as planned. [Who decided to proceed: Riya or Ritu?]	After discussing the new strategy with Ritu, Riya decided to proceed as planned.

Implied Reference

Unclear	Clear
Mr. Salman F. Rahman was wealthy, and he made good use of it.	Mr. Salman F. Rahman was wealthy, and he made good use of the wealth.
The teacher says that the lesson is easy to learn and they are motivated.	The teacher says that the lesson is easy to learn and the students are motivated.

Unclear use of This/ That/ It

Unclear	Clear
The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This is called food chain of food in the ecosystem.	The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This process is called food chain of food in the ecosystem.
The hills were lush green, the trees in full bloom, the sky a brilliant blue. It filled me with hope and joy.	The hills were lush green, the trees in full bloom, the sky a brilliant blue. This environment filled me with hope and joy.

Some more examples:

Faulty and Unclear	Correct and Clear
One can enhance knowledge by travelling from place to place. Thus gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown.	One can enhance knowledge by travelling from place to place. Thus travelling gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown.
Some people are averse to travelling. This limits his vision.	Some people are averse to travelling. This aversion limits their vision.
Illiterate people are unconscious and unskilled for want of it.	Illiterate people are unconscious and unskilled for want of education.
If the people are not properly educated, that is not possible.	If the people are not properly educated, the development of the country/society is not possible.
By travelling different parts of the world, my knowledge may be enriched.	By travelling different parts of the world, one's/our/people's knowledge may be enriched.
Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. They are our best friends. They introduce them to the life and the world.	Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. Books are our best friends. Books introduce us to the life and the world.
Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice.	Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. Books /They are having an active voice.
Teaching is a profession who is full of challenge.	Teaching is a profession which is full of challenge.
I want to be a teacher because you like working with children.	I want to be a teacher because I like working with children.
A cook once roasted a duck for its master. He looked so delicious that he could not resist the temptation and ate up one of the drumsticks.	A cook once roasted a duck for his master. The roast looked so delicious that the cook could not resist the temptation and ate up one of the drumsticks.
Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas her sister, Salma, reads in class three.	Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas his sister, Salma reads in class three.
Women are nowadays as important as men in society. She constitute nearly half of our total population.	Women are nowadays as important as men in society. They constitute nearly half of our total population.
Life is full of challenges. If we cannot fight them successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows.	Life is full of challenges. If we cannot fight the challenges successfully, our life becomes full of sorrows.

Exercise on Pronoun Referencing

Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentence so that all pronoun references are clear.

1.      There lived a man in a village which had a great attraction to English. He went to a teacher in order to learn English well though he was dull-headed. He tried his best to teach him but the man learnt only three English words-yes, no and very good. Though the man did not know the meaning of it, he used them frequently in his conversation. He did not understand that a little learning is a dangerous thing and very soon he would be a victim of it.

Ans :There lived a man in a village who had a great attraction to English. The man went to a teacher in order to learn English well though he was dull-headed. The teacher tried his best to teach him but the man learnt only three English words-yes, no and very good. Though the man did not know the meaning of these words, he used them frequently in his conversation. The man did not understand that a little learning is a dangerous thing and very soon he would be a victim of it.

2.      The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. One thought that in that world, people still would need many things he had on earth Their kings had many wonderful treasures. They loved and respected them very much. So, they buried them with dead kings.

Ans:The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. The Egyptians/ They thought that in that world, people still would need many things they had on earth. Their kings had many wonderful treasures. The Egyptians/ The people loved and respected their kings very much. So, they buried their treasures with dead kings.

3.      Travelling is a part of education. These means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. Thus gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This limits his vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, my knowledge may be enriched.

Ans:Travelling is a part of education. This/It means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. It/This gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This aversion/ mentality/ attitude limits their vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, one's/ our/ people's knowledge may be enriched.

4.      Education is the birthright of every man. But even then many people in our country are deprived of this for many reasons. They are unconscious and unskilled for want of it. For this they are unable not only to develop their own fate of their family, but also unable to play any role for the development of society or the state. If the people are not properly educated, that is not possible. So, the more we can educate our people, the more the country will be developed. With a view to developing human resource, the government has given many benefits in the field of expanding the primary and secondary education. We must ensure these for every child of the country.

Ans: Education is the birthright of every man. But even then many people in our country are deprived of education/ this right for many reasons. They are unconscious and unskilled for want of education.For their unconsciousness and unskilledness, they are unable not only to develop their own fate or their family, but also unable to play any role for the development of society or the state. If the people are not properly educated, the development of society or the state is not possible. So, the more we can educate our people, the more the country will be developed. With a view to developing human resource, the government has given many incentives in the field of expanding the primary and secondary education. We must ensure these incentives for every child of the country.

5.      Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countryman not to call them. Regarding it, Nadine Gordimer said, “He is at the epicenter of his time, our in South Africa and your, wherever you are.”

Ans: Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call him. Regarding him/ Mandela's speech/ his statement, Nadine Gordimer said, "Mandela is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa and yours, wherever you are."

6.      A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. He said to him, “Look, my friend. I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” He was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. He said to himself, “One thousand taka is a lot of money.” He could not think where to keep the money. He did not find a safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept it there.

Ans: A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. The rich man said to the farmer. "Look, my friend, I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress." The farmer was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. The farmer said to himself, "One thousand taka is a lot of money." He could not think where to keep the money. He did not find any safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money/ the bag there.

7.      Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great man of the world. They are our best friend. They introduce them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through it. They make the noble man alive in the world for ever.

Ans: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. Books are our best friends. Books/ They introduce us/ human beings to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They/ Books are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through them/ books. They make the noble men alive in the world for ever.

8.      Teaching is a profession who is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because you like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from it. He wants me to look after their farms instead. But this does not inspire me much.

Ans: Teaching is a profession which/­­­ that is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because I like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from teaching. He wants me to look after his farms Instead. But looking after his farms/ the idea/ the concept does not inspire me much.

9.      Sunlight is the source of the earth. All the living beings are dependent upon this. Green plants are the producers of the ecosystem. All plants and animals of it are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these. The transfer of food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chains in an ecosystem. Food chain does not work in isolation. These are linked together to from a food web.

Ans: Sunlight is the source of all energy of the earth. All the living, beings are dependent upon sunlight/it. Green plants are the producers of the ecosystem. All plants and animals of ecosystem are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these plants and animals. The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. The food level is called the food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chains in an ecosystem. Food chain does not work in isolation. These chains are linked together to form a food web.

10.  A cook once roasted a duck for its master. He looked so delicious that he could not resist the temptation and ate up one of drumsticks. When he sat down to eat the meal, he quickly noticed the missing leg. He asked him what had happened to the other leg. The cook told him that it had one leg only. The master said that there was no such thing as a one-legged duck but the cook insisted that every duck had only one leg.

Ans:A cook once roasted a duck for his master. The roast looked so delicious that he could not resist the temptation and ate up one of drumsticks. When his master sat down to eat the meal, he quickly noticed the missing leg. He asked the cook what had happened to the other leg. The cook told him that this duck had one leg only. The master said that there was no such thing as a one-legged duck but the cook insisted that every duck had only one leg.

11.  Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas her sister, Salma, reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw because it is five kilometers away from his home. Today, she is going to school with her father because her brother, Salam is sick. He is taking medicine and bed rest.

Ans:Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas his sister Salma reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw because their school is five kilometres away from their home. Today, Salma is going to school with their father because her brother, Salam is sick. He is taking medicine and bed rest.

12.  On a summer day, becoming very thirsty, a lion and a boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. Those fiercely quarreled which of them should drink first and were soon engaged in a mortal fighting. On his stopping on a sudden to take breath for renewal of the fighting, it saw some vultures waiting in the distance to feast on the one which should fall first. They at once stopped the quarrel, saying: “That is better for us to make friends then to become the food of crows or vultures, as will certainly happen if ourselves are disabled.

Ans:On a summer day, becoming very thirsty, a lion and a boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. They fiercely quarrelled which of them should drink first, and were soon engaged in a mortal fighting. On their stopping on a sudden to take breath for renewal of the fighting, they saw some vultures waiting in the distance to feast on the one which should fall first. They at once stopped the quarrel, saying: "It is better for us to make friends than to become the food of crows or vultures, as will certainly happen if we are disabled."

13.  Women are nowadays as important as men in society. She constitute nearly half of our total population. No notion can make real progress keeping half of it in darkness. Without the uplift of women, it is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to her so that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programs.

Ans:Women are nowadays as important as men in society. They constitute nearly half of our total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of its population in darkness. Without the uplift of women, real progress is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to them so that they can work hand in hand with men in all development programmes.

14.  Life is full of struggles. These are quite normal in any one’s life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, it has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes he can overcome those but sometimes he fails to combat them. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of such to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight them successful, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, they are unanimous that obstacles are the wys of life. In fact, a man has to undergo many in his life.

Ans:Life is full of struggles. These struggles are quite normal in any one's life as it is not a bed of roses. Certainly, life has ups and downs. A man has to face innumerable barriers in his life. Sometimes he can overcome those barriers but sometimes he fails to combat them. He may be born with silver spoon without any trouble. But even then he has to overcome a lot of such troubles to be successful in life. In other words, life is full of challenges. If he cannot fight them successfully, his life becomes full of sorrows. Though the scholars differ in giving the definition of life, they are unanimous that obstacles are the ways of life. Infect, a man has to undergo many obstacles in his life.

15.  A stormy night is fearful and horrible. They causes untold sufferings to the people. In a stormy night, the whole sky is totally overcast with dark cloud. Only the roaring of violent wind can be heard. The wind begins to blow with fearful sound from no directions. People get frightened with sound of storm. In addition to it, there is thundering and lightning. The frequent thundering and lighting causes much terror and fear in the mind of the people whom always think that this night may be the end of our lives and the terrible and destructive storm will never come to an end. Storm causes harm to them. The house roofs are blown away. Many trees are uprooted. A large number of houses and shelters are damaged within a very short time. Standing crops are badly damaged. That is thus a dreadful night to the people.

Ans:A stormy night is fearful and horrible. A storm causes untold sufferings to the people. In a stormy night, the whole sky is totally overcast with dark cloud. Only the roaring of violent wind can be heard. The wind begins to blow with fearful sound from no directions. People get frightened with sound of storm. In addition to the fearful sound of the violent wind, there is thundering and lightning. The frequent thundering and lightning causes much terror and fear in the mind of the people who always think that this night may be the end of their lives and the terrible and destructive storm will never come to an end. Storm causes harm to them. The house roofs are blown away. Many trees are uprooted. A large number of houses and shelters are damaged within a very short time. Standing crops are badly damaged. A stormy night is thus a dreadful night to the people.

16.  Once upon a time there lived a young man named Androcles. He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man in another country. He was very bed and tortured him. One day he fled from his master’s house and took shelter in a cave. In the evening a lion entered the cave. He seemed wounded. It was so severe that he was groaning. He came near Androcles and lifted his paw. He took his paw in his hand and saw a sharp piece of stone stuck to his paw. He pulled the stone out. The lion was relieved of his pain.

Ans:Once upon a time there lived a young man named Androcles. He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man in another country. The rich man was very bad and tortured Androcles. One day Androcles fled from his master's house and took shelter in a cave. In the evening a lion entered the cave. The lion seemed wounded. The wound was so severe that it was groaning. It came near Androcles and lifted its paw. Androcles took its paw in his hand and saw a sharp piece of stone stuck to it. He pulled the stone out. The lion was relieved of its pain.

17.  Street accidents have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the morning when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. They, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. They are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach the destination safely. One cannot say that he will reach home without being injured by accident. It seems that they are made only for the drivers of the automobiles and they are given license to do what they like.

Ans:Street accidents have become a matter of daily occurrence nowadays in our country. In the

morning when we open the newspaper, we have to see the news of street accidents. Street accidents, of course, happen mostly due to rash driving. Many people are being killed and hundreds are being wounded every year. At present, it has become almost impossible to predict which vehicle will reach the destination safely. One cannot say that one will reach home without being injured by accident. It seems that roads and streets are made only for the drivers of the automobiles and the drivers are given license to do what they like.

18.  The Taj Mahal is surrounded by a beautiful garden and there is a long pool that stretches out in front of the building. He can see the beauty of the Taj Mahal in this reflection in the pool water. Visitors come to see these wonderful building at different times of the day since it assume a different look at different time. Most people like this best on moonlit nights.

Ans:The Taj Mahal is surrounded by a beautiful garden and there is a long pool that stretches out in front of the building. One can see the beauty of the Taj Mahal in its reflection in the pool water. Visitors come to see this wonderful building at different times of the day since the building assumes a different look at different times. Most people like this building best on moonlit nights.

19.  Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty which brings happiness in life. Without it, none can dream of a great life. These who were great in their lifetime were honest. They worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. His contributions to this world are unforgettable. So, if you want to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is no short-cut to a great life.

Ans:Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty that brings happiness in life. Without honesty, none can dream of a great life. Those who were great in their lifetime were honest. The great people worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. Their contributions to this world are unforgettable. So, if you want yourself to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is no short-cut to a great life.

20.  Human beings have invented many important things so far and he have brought a great civilization to the world through this inventions. But the greatest invention is the invention of a wheel which is a circular object and can rotate around their axis and help easy movement of things across a surface. They are, in fact, everywhere; that are on our cars, trains, planes, wagons and so on. They cannot imagine modern life without wheels. But we do not know exactly which made the first wheel.

Ans:Human beings have invented many important things so far and they have brought a great civilization to the world through their inventions. But the greatest invention is the invention of a wheel which is a circular object and can rotate around its axis and help easy movement of things across a surface. The wheels are, in fact, everywhere; they are on our cars, trains, planes, wagons and so on. Human beings cannot imagine modern life without wheels. But we do not know exactly who made first wheel.

21.  Teachers are the guardians of the civilization. In fact, they are like the candles. It is because they burn themselves to give light to their students like those. They are really worthy of getting respect. They do not consider the caste and creed of the student. They treat all equally and spare no pains to teach them. They not only teach in the classroom but also mould their character to be a complete human being. They consider it a mission. They take care of the students very sincerely to make this a success. They are social reformers too. They lead the society to the right direction. So, the society needs those. Though they do their duty round the clock, most of them are economically insolvent because they do not work for achieving their selfish end.

Ans:Teachers are the guardians of civilization. In fact, teachers are the candles. It is because teachers burn themselves to give light to their students like candles. They are really worthy of getting respect. They do not consider the caste and creed of the student. They treat all the students equally and spare no pains to teach them. They not only teach in the classroom but also mould the student's character to be a complete human being. They consider teaching a mission. They take care of the students very sincerely to make their mission a success. They are social reformers too. They lead the society to the right direction. So, the society needs good teachers. Though good teachers do their duty round the clock, most of them are economically insolvent because they do not work for achieving their selfish end.

22.  Many people think that poverty is great evil who makes life a hell. On the other hand money can make him feel happy. But it is not true. If we investigate a poor man, we may find happiness in him, but if we do the same for the rich, we may find unhappiness in her. For this, we often say that they are not always happy. Actually it consists in contentment.

Ans:Many people think that poverty is a great evil which makes life a hell. On the other hand, money can make them feel happy. But it is not true. If we investigate a poor man, we may find happiness in him, but if we do the same for the rich, we may findunhappiness in them. For this, we often say that the rich are not always happy. Actually happiness consists in contentment.

23.  Children must pass through several stages in his lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where it learns certain things. Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some which will try to act older then her years.

Ans:Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where a child learns certain things. Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some peoplewho will try to act older than their years.

24.  The Liberation war of Bangladesh is a memorable event on our national life. She achieved her independence through sacrifice and blood-shed. It is the birth right of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bangalees. But we are not cowards. They built up strong resistance against them. They fought with courage for long nine months. After nine months’ war and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16^th December 1971. Now we remember them with great respect.

Ans:The Liberation war of Bangladesh is a memorable event in our national life. Bangladeshachieved her independence through sacrifice and blood-shed. Independence is the birth right of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bangalees. But theBangalees are not cowards. They built up strong resistance against the Pakistani army. They fought with courage for long nine months. After nine months' bloody war and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16th December 1971. Now we remember the freedom fighters with great respect.

25.  Long ago there lived a hare in a forest. He was always proud of his speed. A tortoise also lived nearby. He always teased him for his slow speed. This made the tortoise very angry and he said, "You can run fast, no doubt. But I think you can talk even faster than you can run." Then the tortoise proposed to run a race with the hare. The hare gladly accepted it. They both went to a fox and asked him to be the judge of their race. The fox agreed. Other beasts of the forest were also invited. On the appointed day they met a cross road. He read out some rules to be followed by both of them. The destination of the race was also marked. Finally, the race began.

Ans:Long ago there lived a hare in a forest. He was always proud of his speed. A tortoise also lived nearby. He always teased the tortoise for his slow speed. This teasing made the tortoise very angry and he said, "You can run fast, no doubt. But I think you can talk even faster than you can run." Then the tortoise proposed to run a race with the hare. The hare gladly accepted the proposal. They both went to a fox and asked him to be the judge of their race. The fox agreed. Other beasts of the forest were also invited. On the appointed day the hare and the tortoise met a cross road. The fox read out some rules to be followed by both of them. The destination of the race was also marked. Finally, the race began.

26.  Liberty does not descend upon a people. A people must raise itself to it. It is a fruit that must be earned before it can be enjoyed. That freedom means freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea. It is not merely the government who should be free, but people themselves should be free and no freedom has any real value for the common man of woman unless she is free from want, free from disease and free from ignorance. This is the main task which confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We can’t hold the clock back and therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace bending all our resources and all our energies to the purpose.

Ans:Liberty does not descend upon a people. People must raise themselves to it. Liberty is a fruit that must be, earned before it can be enjoyed. That freedom means freedom only from foreign domination is an outworn idea. It is not merely the government that should be free, but people themselves should be free and no freedom has any real value for the common man or woman unless s/ he is free from want, free from disease and free from ignorance. This is the main task which confronts us if we are to take our rightful place in the modern world. We can't hold the clock back and, therefore, it is we who must go forward at a double pace bending all our resources and all our energies to this purpose.

27.  King Lear, a father of three daughters:Goneril, Regan and Cordelia, ruled his kingdom for many years and arrived almost at the end of their days. He was very much tired of it and decided to divide the kingdom among three daughters. That would be materialized only after his daughters had expressed her love for him in words. Their expression made him both happy and angry; the sweet but false words of Goneril and Regan made him happy whereas the practical but genuine words from Cordelia made him angry. Therefore, he divided his kingdom between the first two daughters giving Cordelia noting which he thought a good decision but by the later activities of the first two daughters proved that it was wrong.

Ans:King Lear, a father of three daughters-Goneril, Regan and Cordelia-ruled his kingdom for many years and arrived almost at the end of his days. He was very much tired of ruling and decided to divide the kingdom among three daughters. The division would be materialized only after his daughters had expressed their love for him in words. Their expression made him both happy and angry- the sweet but false words of Goneril and Regan made him happy whereas practical but genuine words from Cordelia made him angry. Therefore, he divided his kingdom between the first two daughters giving Cordelia nothing which he thought a good decision, but the later activities of the first two daughters proved that the decision was wrong.

28.  Books are the medium through which we talk with the mighty minds of the great men of the world. They tell us what they said, what they did and what they thought. These are our best friends. Books introduce them to the life we dream of. All books are the mirrors of the past, present and ever future. We know about the thoughts and deeds of your ancestors through it. They make the noble men alive in the world for ever.

Ans:Books are the medium through which we talk with the mighty minds of the great men of the world. They tell us what the great men said, what they did and what they thought. They are our best friends. Books introduce us to the life we dream of. All books are the mirrors of the past, present and even future. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through them. They make the noble alive in the world forever.

29.  Working opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh. We usually spend our time doing our household chores. The ILO recently started a project titled “Technologies for Rural Employment with Special Reference to Women and Sustainable Development.” The aim or it is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make us self-reliant.

Ans:Working opportunities for women are very few in rural areas of Bangladesh. They usually spend their time doing their household chores. The ILO recently started a project titled "Technologies for Rural Employment with special Reference to women and Sustainable Development." The aim of this project is to impart training to rural women in various activities and make them self-reliant.

30.  Character is the most valuable thing in our life. It is called the crown of human being. There are some noble qualities that distinguish a good man from a bad man. A man who cherishes these can be successful in his life. A man of character is respected everywhere. Many people do not know how much valuable it is. A man will be loser if he loses his character. A man without it is like a beast. He has no moral scruple and is capable of doing any evil thing. Nobody likes an unscrupulous person. Everybody likes a man who has good character. He is like a beacon light and one of the moral forces of the world.

Ans:Character is the most valuable thing in our life. Character is called the crown of human being. There are some noble qualities that distinguish a good man from a bad man. A man who cherishes these qualities can be successful in his life. A man of character is respected everywhere. Many people do not know how much valuable character is. A man will be loser if he loses his character. A man without character is like a beast. He has no moral scruple and is capable of doing any evil thing. Nobody likes an unscrupulous person. Everybody likes a man who has good character. Aman of character is like a beacon light and one of the moral forces of the world.

31.  Man has invented many wonders. Invention of writing is one of them. Modern civilization is largely dependent on it. Some cave dwellers who had desire to make lasting records of strange things around it, invented the art of writing. At that time writing took the form of pictures and they used stones or walls of the caves for it. Some of them have been found on the walls of ancient caves in certain parts of the world.

Ans:Man has invented many wonders. Invention of writing is one of them. Modern civilization is largely dependent on writing. Some cave dwellers who had desire to make lasting records of strange things around them, invented the art of writing. At that time writing took the form of pictures and the cave dwellers used stones or walls of the caves for writing. Some of those writings have been found on the walls of ancient caves in certain parts of the world.

32.  The Queen of Sheba heard much about the grandeur of Solomon’s court and the worldwide reputation of his learning and wisdom. Attracted by such reports, she came to test it. She brought with her two garlands of flowers-this natural and the other artificial. She placed it before the king and asked him to differentiate the natural one from the other. Solomon was puzzled for a while, but he could select the natural one by noticing some bees humming over them.

Ans:The Queen of Sheba heard much about the grandeur of Solomon's court and the worldwide reputation of his learning and wisdom. Attracted by such reports, the Queen of Sheba came to test Solomon's learning and wisdom. She brought with her two garlands of flowers, one natural and the other artificial. She placed the garlands of flowers before the king and asked him to differentiate the natural one from the other. Solomon was puzzled for a while, but he could select the natural one by noticing some bees humming over it.

33.  Ecology is a complex web in whom all species hang together. So all species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, this can’t be maintained. in order to protect the environment from being spoilt,  we should therefore protect our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now taking action to protect it. We can save our wild creatures by developing a concern for it.

Ans:Ecology is a complex web in whom all species hang together. So all species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one species is lost, ecological balance can't be maintained. In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, we should therefore protect our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now taking action to protect wildlife. We can save our wild creatures by developing a concern for them.

34.  In our country the condition of the female education in the poor family is frustrating. When she is born in a poor family, it is not regarded as a happy event. They think that she has come to add to the sufferings. The seldom think of sending her to school. They think that educating their daughters is just wasting of time. The parents try to find a husband for his daughter even before he attains physical and mental maturity.

Ans:In our country the condition of the female education in the poor family is frustrating. When a female child is born in a poor family, her birth is not regarded as a happy event. Her parents think that she has come to add to the sufferings. They seldom think of sending her to school. They think that educating their daughters is just wasting of time. The parents try to find a husband for their daughter even before she attains physical and mental maturity.

35.  Humayun Ahmed (1948-2012) was a great novelist, playwright and film maker of Bangladesh. He went to many schools in Sylhet, Cumilla, Chattogram, Dinajpur and Bogura. It is because their father lived in many places upon official assignments. He passed S.S.C Examination as a student of Bogura Zilla School in 1965. Later was admitted to Dhaka College and passed H.S.C Examination in 1967. He initially planned to study Economics but suddenly changed mind and got admitted into the University of Dhaka to study Chemistry. He passed both B.Sc (Honours) and M.Sc whit First Class.

Ans:Humayun Ahmed (1948-2012) was a great novelist, playwright and film maker of Bangladesh. He went to many schools in Sylhet, Cumilla, Chattogram, Dinajpur and Bogura. This frequent change is because his father lived in many places upon official assignments. Humayun passed S.S.C Examination as a student of Bogra Zilla School in 1965. Later he was admitted to Dhaka College and passed H.S.C Examination in 1967. He initially planned to study Economics but suddenly he changed his mind and got admitted into the University of Dhaka to study Chemistry. He passed both B.Sc (Honours) and M.Sc with First Class.

36.  Although poverty affects everybody, they are the women who are the worst sufferers. Social prejudices and customs tent to degrade her position. When a girl is born in a poor family, she is not regarded as a happy event. She has come, as if to add to the sufferings of her parents. The seldom think of sending her to school. They stays at home and does odd jobs in the house. Although it has economic value, nobody ever gives them credit for them.

Ans:Although poverty affects everybody, itis the women who are the worst sufferers. Social prejudices and customs tend to degrade their position. When a girl is born in a poor family, she is not regarded as a happy event. She has come, as if to add to the sufferings of her parents. They seldom think of sending her to school. She stays at home and does odd jobs in the house. Although their doing household chores has economic value, nobody ever them credit for their works.

37.  The level of sea water is increasing due to global warming. As it is entering the coastal areas, salinity is increasing in those areas. Due to this in sea water, trees and fisheries are hampered. If the situation continues, crops will be ruined massively. This is already evident in Bangladesh. Global warming is already destruction. All these have adverse impact on people’s life and livelihood.

Ans:The level of sea water is increasing due to global warming. As sea water is entering the coastal areas, salinity is increasing in those areas. Due to this salinity in sea water, trees and fisheries are hampered. If the salinity in sea-water continues, crops will be ruined massively. Massive destruction of crops is already evident in Bangladesh. Global warming is already damaging the mangrove forest in Bangladesh. It is causing some other devastating destruction. All these factors have adverse impact on people's life and livelihood.

38.  Trees are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without it. We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which it adsorbs. Besides, we get foods from trees and firewood to cook it. But some unconscious people cut down trees indiscriminately. They should be brought to book. Furthermore, one should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth.

Ans:Trees are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without trees. We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which trees absorb. Besides, we get foods from trees and firewood to cook  But some unconscious people cut down trees indiscriminately. The unconscious people should be brought to book. Furthermore, we should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth.

39.  There have been significant changes in the types of entertainment over time. Many of that no longer exist. Even if that do, people keep looking for newer forms of entertainment. Thus snake charming, puppet shows, jatra, jarigan, sharigan and kabigan, who were common forms of entertainment in the past, have almost lost them appeal. Radio, who used to be a good source of entertainment in the past, is now giving place to television and to satellite channels in particular.

Ans:There have been significant changes in the types of entertainment over time. Many of these no longer exist. Even if they do, people keep looking for newer forms of entertainment. Thus snake charming, puppet shows, jatra, jarigan, sharigan and kabigan, which were common forms of entertainment in the past, have almost lost their appeal. Radio, which used to be a good source of entertainment in the past, is now giving place to television and to satellite channels in particular.

40.  Lear, the aging king of Britain, decides to step from the throne and divide its kingdom evenly among his three daughters. First, however, he puts his daughters through a test, asking each to tell him how much they love him. Goneril and Regan, Lear’s old daughters, give her father flattering answers. She also befools the old king. But Cordeliar, Lear’s youngest and favourite daughter, remains silent, saying that she has no words who will describe her earnest love to her father. Lear flies into a rage and disowns them.

Ans:Lear, the aging king of Britain, decides to step down from the throne and divide his kingdom evenly among his three daughters. First, however, he puts his daughters through a test, asking each to tell him how much they love him. Goneril and Regan, Lear's old daughters, give their father flattering answers. They also befool the old king. But Cordelier, Lear's youngest and favourite daughter, remains silent, saying that she has no words which will describe her earnest love to her father. Lear flies into a rage and disowns her.

41.  Poetry in every language celebrates beauty and truth. It is also celebrated in art. In the test book there are two poems. They present some enduring ideas about beauty and truth. One is written by Lord Byron (1788-1824), and one is written by Emily Dickonson (1830-1886). The former is an English poet of Romantic tradition, but the other is an American poet. They have celebrated it very well in their poems.

Ans:Poetry in every language celebrates beauty and truth. Beauty and truth are also celebrated in art. In the textbook there are two poems. They present some enduring ideas about beauty and truth. One of them is written by Lord Byron (1788-1824), and the other is written by Emily Dicldnson (1830-1886). The former is an English poet of Romantic tradition, but the latter is an American poet. They have celebrated beauty and truth very well in their poems.

42.  Pahela Baishakh is a part and parcel of Bangali culture. It is the first day of Bangla year. It is celebrated with festivity across the country. Village people celebrate this day according to its age old custom. Baishakhi melas are held in different places. Urban people try to be a Bangalee at least this day. He arrange different programmers on this day. At Ramna Batomul it is celebrated gorgeously. Shopkeepers in both villages and towns open haalkhata. They distribute sweets among their customers and clients. People irrespective of age and sex eat panta-hilsa and join them. We can remenmber our Bangali culture and tradition through celebrating it.

Ans:Pahela Baishakh is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is the first day of Bangla year. It is celebrated with festivity across the country. Village people celebrate this day according to their age old custom. Baishakhi Melas are held in different places. Urban people try to be a Bangalee at least this day. They arrange different programmes on this day. At Ramna Batomul Paliela Baishakh is celebrated gorgeously. Shopkeepers in both villages and towns open haalkhata. They distribute sweets among their customers and clients. People irrespective of age and sex eat panta hilsa and join the celebration. We can remember our Bengali culture and tradition through celebrating Pahela Baishakh.

43.  Politicians always give high hopes to the common people. They also give them the assurances that they will solve all the problems if they are elected. They raise a storm over a tea cup about those problems and their solutions. They are habituated in giving false commitments. But when they come to power, they forget these to the people. Common people are puppets in the hands of them. Most play tricks with the people. But they should sincerely do something for the people who have elected them. They should work for the sake of them because they have a lot of expectations from them.

Ans:Politicians always give high hopes to the common people. They also give them the assurances that they will solve all the problems if they are elected. The commonpeople raise a storm over a tea cup about those problems and their solutions. Politicians are habituated in giving false commitments. But when they come to power, they forget these commitments to the people. Common people are puppets in the hands of them. Most politicians play tricks with the people. But they should sincerely do something for the people who have elected them. They should work for the sake of the common people because they have a lot of expectations from them.